Introduction to Current Liabilities
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Current liabilities
Current
liabilities represent amounts that are owed by the business and
which are due to be paid within the next twelve months. Current liabilities are
normally settled from the amounts available in current assets. The main
elements of current liabilities are:
You are required to suggest:
Trade
and other payables
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The main element of this is normally “trade creditors” –
amounts owed by a business to its suppliers for goods and services supplied.
A trade creditor is the reverse of a trade debtor. A business buys from
a supplier and then pays for those goods and services some time later – the
period depends on the length and amount of credit the supplier allows.
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Short-term borrowings
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Amounts in this category represent the amounts that need to be
repaid on outstanding borrowings in the next year. For example, a
business may have a bank loan of £2million of which £250,000 is due to be
repaid six months after the balance sheet date. In the balance sheet,
the bank loan would be split into two categories: £250,000 as short-term
borrowings and the remainder (£1,750,000) in the borrowings figure in non-current
liabilities.
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Current tax liabilities
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This category shows the tax liabilities that the business is
still to pay to the government. This will mainly comprise corporation tax,
income tax and VAT.
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Provisions
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This is a category that can contain a variety of amounts due.
For example, it would include any dividends due to be paid to shareholders.
More importantly, it will also include any estimates of potential costs which
the business might incur in relation to known disputes or other issues.
For example, if the business is subject to legal claims or is planning to
make redundancies in the near future – then the likely costs of these issues
needs to be provided for in the balance sheet
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Non-current liabilities This category shows the
longer-term liabilities that a business has. By “longer-term”, we mean
liabilities that need to be settled in more than one year’s time. This
would include bank loans which are not yet due for repayment.
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