Accounting Ratios - Introduction to Ratio Analysis
Introduction to ratio analysis
Financial information is always prepared to satisfy in some way
the needs of various interested parties (the "users of accounts").
Stakeholders in the business (whether they are internal or external to the
business) seek information to find out three fundamental questions:
(1) How is the business trading?
(2) How strong is the financial position?
(3) What are the future prospects for the business?
For outsiders, published financial accounts are an important
source of information to enable them to answer the above questions.
To some degree or other, all interested parties will want to ask
questions about financial information which is likely to fall into one or other
of the following categories, and be about:
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Performance Area
|
Key Issues
|
Profitability
|
Is the business making a profit? How efficient is the
business at turning revenues into profit? Is it enough to finance
reinvestment? Is it growing? Is it sustainable (high
quality)? How does it compare with the rest of the industry?
|
Financial efficiency
|
Is the business making best use of its resources? Is it
generating adequate returns from its investments? Is it managing its
working capital properly?
|
Liquidity and gearing
|
Is the business able to meet its short-term debts as they fall
due? Is the business generating enough cash? Does the business need
to raise further finance? How risky is the finance structure of the
business?
|
Shareholder return
|
What returns are owners gaining from their investment in the
business? How does this compare with similar, alternative investments in
other businesses?
|
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Purchase method of accounting
Purchase method of accounting
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